Religious Affiliations of Civil War Leaders
[1] Robert Joseph Murphy, “The Catholic Church in the United States during the Civil War Period,” Records of the American Catholic Historical Society; Vol. 39, No. 4, (December 1928). Cf. also Charles Quintard, Doctor Quintard, Chaplain CSA and Second Bishop of Tennessee, Sam Davis Elliot, editor; Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 2003; 101.
[1] Alexander, Edward Porter, Fighting for the Confederacy – The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander, Gary Gallagher, editor, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989; 59.
[1] Jon L. Wakelyn, Biographical Dictionary of the Confederacy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977; pp. 529-533. Cf. also Murphy, op. cit.; Thomas M. Owen, “Alabama,” The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I, <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01240a.htm> (2006)
[1] James G. Hollandsworth Jr., Pretense of Glory: The Life of General Nathaniel P. Banks, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.
[1] Wiley, Perko, Murphy.
[1] Sidney Ahlstrom, Religious History of the American People, 421-22.
[1] Baker, Nina Brown; Cyclone in Calico, Little Brown and Co., Boston, 1952.
[1] Quintard, op. cit. 69-70; Gardiner Shattuck, Shield and a Hiding Place, info.
[1] Murphy, op. cit.
[1] William C. Davis, William C., Breckinridge, Statesman, Soldier, Symbol, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1974.
[1] Brown, Info – Eerdman’s Handbook, Galli
[1] Dick Nolan, Dick, Benjamin Franklin Butler, the Damndest Yankee, Presidio Press, Novato, 1991.
[1] Henry Clay letter to William A. Booth, 7 April 1845, in The Works of Henry Clay, ed. Calvin Colvin, 6 vols., (New York, 1857), as cited in C.C. Goen, Broken Churches, Broken Nation – Denominational Schisms and the Coming of the Civil War. Macon Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1985; 101 and 105-06.
[1] Robert Joseph Murphy, “The Catholic Church in the United States during the Civil War Period,” Records of the American Catholic Historical Society; Vol. 39, No. 4, (December 1928). Cf. also Alden R. Carter, Bright Starry Banner (New York: Soho Press, 2003), and Charles Quintard, op. cit., 101.
[1] D.A. Kinsley, Custer: Favor the Bold, New York: Promontory Press, 1988. Cf. also Paul Kensey, George Armstrong Custer – American Hero or Just a Fool, April 2004, <http://www.americancivilwar.asn.au/meet/2004_04_Custer.pdf>
[1] Dabney (Civil War History, Vol VI, 357-58 ; RiCW 317; SaaHP 117) [Cf WGIMO p 38-9 for a story @ him]
[1] Davis (RiCW p. 24, 409; Gardiner Shattuck, Shield and a Hiding Place, 107; Wakelyn, op. cit.
[1] Cornelius Buckley, op. cit., 179-80 and 186. Cf. also Jon Wakelyn, op. cit.
[1] Gerard Patterson, Debris of Battle, CITY: Stackpole Books, 1997; 100-05.
[1] Douglas, Info – Encyclopedia of African American History; and Galli, Firebrands and Visionaries
[1] Kevin J. Weddle, Lincoln’s Tragic Admiral, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005.
[1] Author, title, Civil War History, Vol. VI, 424; E.M. Boswell, Rebel Religion, in Civil War Times Illustrated, Oct 1972. I am also grateful to James McPherson for his insights on Ewell’s faith.
[1] James Sheeran, Confederate Chaplain – A War Journal, Joseph Durkin, editor; 58, 74-75.
[1] Thomas Ewing – Murphy, Heidler.
[1] Quintard, op. cit., 106.
[1] Andrew Rolle, John Charles Fremont, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.
[1] Reid Mitchell, Civil War Soldiers, 113.
[1] Shattuck, SaaHP 105, 12; Wakelyn.
[1] Shattuck, SaaHP 106.
[1] Quintard, op. cit., 189.
[1] Shattuck, SaaHP 104; also Scott and Jeffreys, Fighters of Faith, pp. 36-37.
[1] Jon Wakelyn, op. cit.; cf. also Lydia Boyd, Rose O’Neal Greenhow Papers – An On-Line Archival Collection, May 1996, <http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/greenhow>
[1] David M. Jordan, Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier’s Life, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988.
[1] Hardee – Perko p. 199; Wakelyn; Allardice comment.
[1] A.P.Hill: Lee’s Forgotten General, 172-4.
[1] Shattuck, SaaHP 105, 119, also Wakelyn.
[1] Wakelyn, Shattuck SaaHP 103.
[1] Holmes. The Ball’s Bluff story is found in Woodworth, WGIMO 64, footnote #33 on page 306. Cf. also Miller, RiCW, 36;and James McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution; New York: Oxford University Press, 1991; 68. Holmes’ father, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, was a prominent Unitarian and a professor of medicine at Harvard. Together with other Unitarians at Harvard (Longfellow, John Quincy Adams etc.) the senior Holmes helped make Harvard a major force in the liberal Unitarian movement. (Cf. Ahlstrom, RHoAP 398 and EoACW 988)
[1] Howard. Miller, op. cit. RiCW 194; Shattuck SaaHP, 76; and Scott and Jeffreys, Fighters of Faith, op. cit. Again I am grateful to James McPherson for his clarifying insights on Howard’s religion.
[1] Murphy.
[1] Jackson – James I. Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 684; Scott and Jeffreys, Fighters of Faith. op. cit.
[1] Jenkins – Murphy.
[1] Quintard, pp. 63-64.
[1] I am grateful to Bruce Allardice of the Chicago Civil War Round Table for his insight on Kershaw.
[1] Jon Wakelyn, op. cit.; cf. also Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia, James H. Lane, 4 December 2006, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Lane_%28general%29>
[1] FiGaG 84-100. Cf. also Scott and Jeffreys, Fighters of Faith, op. cit.
[1] Shattuck, SaaHP 98; and “History of the First Baptist Church from 1832-2003, <http://www.columbusfbc.org/history/historyframe.htm>
[1] Woodworth, WGIMO, 268.
[1] Ronald C. White, Lincoln’s Greatest Speech, p.208; cf. also Woodworth, WGIMO P 37-8.
[1] Gary Ecelbarger, Black Jack Logan, Guildford: The Lyons Press, 2005.
[1] Brinsfield, John W., William C. Davis, Benedict Maryniak, and James I. Robertson Jr. Faith in the Fight – Civil War Chaplains. Mechanicsburg, Penn.: Stackpole Books, 2003; 83-84. Cf. also Jon Wakelyn, op. cit.
[1] Kenneth R. Young, The General’s General: The Life and Times of Arthur MacArthur, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
[1] Mallory – EfE, and Allardice.
[1] Shattuck, op. cit., 76. I am grateful to Jim McPherson for insights here as well.
[1] James A. Ramage, Rebel Raider: The Life of John Hunt Morgan, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986.
[1] Cornelius Buckley, editor, Frenchman, Chaplain, Rebel – The War Letters of Louis-Hippolyte Gache, SJ; Chicago, Loyola University Press, 1981; p. 228. Cf. also Jon Wakelyn, op. cit., and Murphy, op. cit.
[1] Walter S. Griggs Jr., General John Pegram, C.S.A.; Lynchburg: H.E. Howard, Inc., 1993.
[1] Charles G. Milham, Gallant Pelham, Washington D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1959.
[1] Dorsey Pender and his wife’s deep faith are spoken of in depth in Kent Gramm, Gettysburg, pages 210-37. Cf. also Gardiner Shattuck, Shield and a Hiding Place, 98.
[1] Gardiner Shattuck, SaaHP 115; CWC 49; and Scott and Jeffreys, Fighters of Faith, op. cit.
[1] Polk biography; I am grateful to Bruce Allardice for his insights here as well.
[1] Peter Cozzens, No Better Place to Die, Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1991, 18. Shattuck, SaaHP 79; Fighters of Faith, Christian History, 1992, Vol. 11, No. 1.
[1] Donald B. Connelly, John M. Schofield and the Politics of Generalship, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
[1] Semmes – Perko p. 199; Wakelyn, Murphy; Buckley, p. 113f.
[1] Peter Burchard, One Gallant Rush, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1965.
[1] Sheridan – Perko 199.
[1] Kenneth, Sherman, p. 6.
[1] Kenneth, Sherman, passim. WGIMO p.249.
[1] Shields – Murphy and Heidler.
[1] Shoup – Wakelyn, Quintard biography, p. 88 and 146.
[1] Smith – Quintard, p. 56-7; Shattuck, SaaHP 106.
[1] Leonne M. Hudson, The Odyssey of a Southerner: The Life and Times of Gustavus Woodson Smith, Mercer University Press, Macon, 1998.
[1] Chris Armstrong, Christian History and Biography, “People Worth Knowing – No Little Women Here”, 43-45.
[1] DS Stanley – Murphy, Heidler.
[1] Benjamin P. Thomas, and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln’s Secretary of War, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.
[1] Jon Wakelyn, op. cit. I am grateful to Bruce Allardice for his insights here as well.
[1] Sam Davis Elliott, General Alexander P. Stewart and the Civil War in the West, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999; cf. also Jon Wakelyn.
[1] Strong – Heidler, Heidler.
[1] Stringfellow – Daly article.
[1] Tony Horwitz, Confederates in the Attic; 239; cf. also Gardiner Shattuck, op. cit., 105.
[1] Murphy.
[1] . (Cf. FCFCD, 117)
[1] Eerdman’s Handbook of Christianity, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983; 264.
[1] Robert G. Hartje, Van Dorn: The Life and Times of a Confederate General, Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1967.
[1] Kenny A. Franks, Stand Watie and the Agony of the Cherokee Nation, Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1979.
[1] John Niven, Gideon Welles: Lincoln’s Secretary of the Navy, New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.
[1] John P. Dyer, Fightin’ Joe Wheeler, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1941.
[1] Chris Armstrong, Christian History and Biography, “People Worth Knowing – No Little Women Here”, pp. 43-45; cf. also Bruce Allardice.
[1] Murphy; cf. also Owen, Thomas M., “Alabama,” The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I, <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01240a.htm> (2006)
